The advantages and disadvantages and differences of incandescent lamps, light-emitting lamps, energy-saving lamps and LED lamps Incandescent lamp
The incandescent lamp is also called an electric bulb. Its working principle is that heat is generated when the current passes through the filament (tungsten filament, melting point is more than 3000 degrees Celsius). The spiral filament continues to collect the heat, making the temperature of the filament over 2000 degrees Celsius, and the filament is in an incandescent state. In the state, it emits light as if the red-hot iron can emit light. The higher the temperature of the filament, the brighter the light emitted. Therefore, it is called an incandescent lamp. When incandescent lamps emit light, a large amount of electrical energy will be converted into heat energy, and only a very small part (maybe less than 1%, not calculated) can be converted into useful light energy.
The light emitted by the incandescent lamp is full-color light, but the composition ratio of each color light is determined by the luminescent material (tungsten) and temperature. The unbalanced proportions lead to the color cast of the light, so the color of the object under the incandescent lamp is not real enough. The life of an incandescent lamp is related to the temperature of the filament, because the higher the temperature, the easier it is for the filament to sublimate. The process of blackening at both ends of the fluorescent lamp is: the sublimation of the tungsten filament directly turns into tungsten gas. When the tungsten gas encounters the lamp tube wall with a lower temperature, it condenses on the lamp tube wall and turns black. When the tungsten filament sublimates to a relatively thin When thin, it is easy to burn out after power on, thus ending the life of the lamp. Therefore, the greater the power of the incandescent lamp.
Fluorescent lamp
Fluorescent lamp is also called fluorescent lamp, its working principle: the fluorescent tube is simply a closed gas discharge tube. The main gas in the tube is argon gas (including neon neon or krypton krypton). The pressure is about 0.3% of the atmosphere. It also contains a few drops of mercury-forming a trace of mercury vapor. Mercury atoms account for about one-thousandth of all gas atoms.
Fluorescent tubes rely on the mercury atoms of the tube to release ultraviolet light through the process of gas discharge (the main wavelength is 2537 angstroms = 2537×10-10m). About 60% of the consumed electrical energy can be converted into ultraviolet light. Other energy is converted into heat energy. The fluorescent material on the inner surface of the tube absorbs ultraviolet light and then releases visible light. Different fluorescent substances emit different visible light. Generally, the efficiency of converting ultraviolet light into visible light is about 40%. Therefore, the efficiency of a fluorescent lamp is about 60%×40%=24%-approximately twice that of a tungsten lamp with the same power.
energy saving lamp
Energy-saving lamps are also called compact fluorescent lamps (abbreviated as CFL lamps abroad) with high light efficiency (5 times that of ordinary bulbs), obvious energy saving effect, long life (8 times that of ordinary bulbs), small size, and convenient use. Its working principle is basically the same as that of a fluorescent lamp.
In addition to white (cold light) energy-saving lamps, there are now warm light. Generally speaking, under the same wattage, an energy-saving lamp is 80% energy-saving than an incandescent lamp, its average life span is 8 times longer, and its heat radiation is only 20%. In non-strict circumstances, a 5-watt energy-saving light can be regarded as an incandescent lamp equal to 25 watts, a 7-watt energy-saving light is approximately equal to 40 watts, and a 9-watt energy-saving light is approximately equal to 60 watts.
LED lights
LED (Light Emitting Diode) is also called light-emitting diode, which is a solid-state semiconductor device that can directly convert electricity into light. The heart of the LED is a semiconductor chip, one end of the chip is attached to a support, one end is the negative pole, and the other end is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, so that the entire chip is encapsulated by epoxy resin. The semiconductor wafer consists of three parts, one part is a P-type semiconductor, in which holes dominate, the other end is an N-type semiconductor, here are mainly electrons, and the middle is usually a quantum well with 1 to 5 cycles. When the current acts on the chip through the wire, the electrons and holes will be pushed into the quantum well. In the quantum well, the electrons and holes recombine and then emit energy in the form of photons. This is the principle of LED light emission.
LED lamps have many advantages such as small size, low power consumption, long life, non-toxic and environmental protection, etc. LED lamps have gradually developed from outdoor decoration and engineering lighting to household lighting.
2021 11/09